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【参考文献】

发布日期:2022年05月18日 16:07 作者:黄胡信,朱兰 单位:中华医学会
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[2]Fynes M,Donnelly V,Behan M,et al.Effect of second vaginal delivery on anorectal physiology and faecal continence:a prospective study.The Lancet,1999,354(9183):983-986.

[3]Aigmueller T,Umek W,Elenskaia K,et al.Guidelines for the management of third and fourth degree perineal tears after vaginal birth from the Austrian Urogynecology Working Group.Int Urogynecol J,2013,24(4):553-558.

[4]Barber MD.Towards evidence-based management of delivery following previous obstetric anal sphincter injury.BJOG:An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,2014,121(13):1704-1704.